February 25 to 26, is Purim , one of the most joyous and fun holidays on the Jewish calendar. It is celebrated on the 14th of the month of Adar, which is usually in March. The 13th of Adar is the day that Haman chose for the extermination of the Jews, and the day that the Jews battled their enemies for their lives.
On the day afterwards, the 14th, they celebrated their survival. Passover begins on the 15th day of the month of Nisan in the Jewish calendar, which is in spring in the Northern Hemisphere and is celebrated for seven or eight days. It is one of the most widely observed Jewish holidays. On the first two days of Passover, a traditional Seder is eaten and the story of deliverance is shared. Pesach is one of the most commonly observed Jewish holidays, even by otherwise non-observant Jews.
Probably the most significant observance related to Pesach involves avoiding chametz leaven throughout the holiday. This commemorates the fact that the Jews leaving Egypt were in a hurry, and did not have time to let their bread rise.
In Israel, it is a national memorial day and public holiday. Bush to recognize the more than year history of Jewish contributions to our culture. The other two are Passover and Sukkot. Agriculturally, it commemorates the time when the first fruits were harvested and brought to the Temple, and is known as Hag ha-Bikkurim the Festival of the First Fruits. The fast commemorates the destruction of both the First Temple and Second Temple in Jerusalem, which occurred about years apart, but on the same Hebrew calendar date.
If the 9th of Av falls on a Saturday, the fast is postponed until the 10th of Av. Although this holiday is primarily meant to commemorate the destruction of the Temple, it is appropriate to consider, on this day, the many other tragedies of the Jewish people, many of which occurred on this day, most notably the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in and from England in The Jewish New Year is a time to begin introspection, looking back at the mistakes of the past year and planning the changes to make in the new year.
No work is permitted on Rosh Hashanah. Much of the day is spent in synagogue, where the regular daily liturgy is somewhat expanded. One popular observance during this holiday is eating apples dipped in honey, a symbol of a wish for a sweet new year. Small pieces of bread are commonly put in the pocket to cast off.
Its central themes are atonement and repentance. Jews traditionally observe this holy day with a hour period of fasting and intensive prayer, often spending most of the day in synagogue services. Yom Kippur is a complete Sabbath: No work can be performed on that day, and it is well-known that you should refrain from eating and drinking even water on Yom Kippur.
September 20 to 27, is Sukkot , the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles. It is quite a drastic transition, from one of the most solemn holidays in their year to one of the most joyous. November 28 to December 6, is Chanukah Hanukkah. It is observed by lighting candles on a Menorah—one for each day of the festival. Hanukkah is observed for eight nights and days, starting on the 25th day of Kislev according to the Hebrew calendar, which may occur at any time from late November to late December in the Gregorian calendar.
Chanukkah is probably one of the best known Jewish holidays, not because of any great religious significance, but because of its proximity to Christmas. It is not a very important religious holiday. It is roughly equivalent to Purim in significance. Chanukkah is not mentioned in Jewish scripture; the story is related in the book of Maccabees, which Jews do not accept as scripture.
January 15 is Makar Sankranti , observed by Hindus at the beginning of the Capricorn period under the sidereal zodiac, and signifying the arrival of warmer days. Makara Sankranti is believed to be a time for peace and prosperity. Much effort is put towards organizing events and celebrations that occur on Republic Day: large military parades are held in New Delhi and the state capitals; representatives of the Indian Army, Navy and Air Force and traditional dance troupes take part in the parades; awards and medals of bravery are given to the people from the armed forces and also to civilians; helicopters from the armed forces then fly past the parade area showering rose petals on the audience.
National, state, and local government offices, post offices, and banks are closed on this date, while stores and other businesses and organizations may be closed, or have reduced opening hours.
Republic Day represents the true spirit of the independent India. March 11, is Maha Shivaratri , the night of the worship of Lord Shiva. It occurs on the 14th night of the new moon during the dark half of the month of Phalguna, a moonless February night when Hindus offer special prayer to the lord of destruction. They maintain long vigils during the night, keeping awake to listen to stories, hymns and songs. The fast is broken only the next morning, after the nightlong worship.
Rama, the seventh avatar of Vishnu, is one of the oldest avatars of Lord Vishnu having a human form. The festival is a focal point for moral reflection and being especially charitable to others.
April 25, marks Mahavir Jayanti , one of the most important holidays for practitioners of Jainism, a religion that advocates the practice of nonviolence and self-control. Its observance not only coincides with the birth of Indian religious leader Vardhamana, but is also a celebration of it.
This religious holiday is celebrated on the thirteenth day of the waxing moon in the month of Caitra, as prescribed by the Jainism lunar calendar. On the Gregorian calendar, this is usually around March or April. It is observed to memorialize the birth, enlightenment, and death of Lord Buddha. According to the Hindu Calendar, it is celebrated on a full moon day of month Vaishakha. April 14 celebrates the birthday of Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedkar , an Indian politician and social rights activist.
The name Shardiya Navratri has been taken from Sharad Ritu. All nine days during Navratri are dedicated to nine forms of Goddess Shakti. Shardiya Navratri falls in the month of September or October. The nine-day festivity culminates on the tenth day with Dussehra or Vijaya Dashami. Women, especially in Maharashtra and Gujarat, adorn themselves with 9 different colors, which are allocated to each day of Navratri. The color of the day is decided on the weekday.
Each weekday is ruled by one of the planets or Navgrahas, and accordingly, colors are assigned to each day. The day before Diwali is spent cleaning the house, shopping, and decorating with flowers. A design is painted in white in front of the door of the house to bring good luck. Lamps are lit for the entire five days besides roads and streams, along edges of roofs, and on window sills to enable Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of prosperity, to find her way to every home.
For Jains, Diwali is celebrated as the day that Mahavira attained Nirvana. It is a special festival for the Sikh community residing in the state of Punjab. January 28, is Mahayana New Year , celebrated on the first full-moon day in January by members of the Mahayana Buddhist branch.
The New Year here means a fresh beginning. Non-Tibetans are always welcome at these celebrations. The specific rituals are not exclusive; everyone is invited to join the welcoming of a fresh start.
February 8 is an alternate, lesser celebrated date of observance. January 16 is National Religious Freedom Day. That statute became the basis for the establishment clause of the First Amendment of the U.
Constitution and led to the freedom of religion for all Americans. Religious Freedom Day is officially proclaimed on January 16 each year by an annual statement by the President of the United States. January 18 is World Religion Day. World Religion Day starts sundown of January This year is the Year of the Ox. Chinese New Year is the most important holiday in the Chinese lunisolar calendar and is recognized by gift giving, parades, decorations, and feasting.
Chinese New Year falls on Friday, February 12, January 31 is the birthday anniversary of Guru Har Rai , the seventh Sikh guru. He is remembered for his sensitivity towards nature and his passion for preserving it. In a way, the Sikhs are stepping forward to protect vulnerable Mother Nature to meet the challenge of the present day, as a tribute to their seventh Guru, Sri Guru Har Rai Ji.
The month of April is a special opportunity to enhance understanding of the nuanced and diverse aspects of Arab American heritage that is often forgotten or intentionally avoided by the media.
May is National Older Americans Month , which recognizes the contributions of older adults across the nation. Older Americans Month also serves to raise awareness concerning elder abuse and neglect. The month of May was chosen to commemorate the immigration of the first Japanese to the United States on May 7, , and to mark the anniversary of the completion of the transcontinental railroad on May 10, The majority of the workers who laid the tracks on the project were Chinese immigrants.
Congress passed legislation recognizing the Citizenship of Native Americans. This date was chosen as the statutory holiday for many reasons, including its cultural significance as the Summer solstice, and the fact that it is a day on which many indigenous peoples and communities traditionally celebrate their heritage.
Through nonviolent resistance, he helped free India from British rule. Beginning in on this day, drums across the USA and in different time zones coordinate ceremonies and observances at 12 p. It was instituted in Berkeley, CA, in , to coincide with the th anniversary of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas.
Two years later, Santa Cruz, CA, instituted the holiday, and in the s, various other cities and states took it up. October 16 is World Food Day. Since , this worldwide event has sought to increase awareness, understanding, and informed year-round action to alleviate hunger, malnutrition, and poverty.
October 26, the last Tuesday in October is Mix It Up at Lunch Day , a national campaign that helps K teachers develop inclusive school communities. Launched by Teaching Tolerance in , Mix It Up at Lunch Day encourages students to move out of their comfort zones and connect with someone new over lunch.
This culminated in the Voelvry Movement which built up a big following amongst the youth as they toured to and performed on university campuses. Since the s and particularly since arts festivals became popular, there has been renewed interest in and support for Afrikaans music amongst the youth.
Afrikaans artists produce popular as well as alternative music and have caused an explosion in Afrikaans music sales. Fine Arts By the end of the nineteenth century, a number of Dutch artists such as Frans Oerder had settled in South Africa and overtime became Afrikaners. Oerder took part in the Anglo-Boer War as an official war artist on the side of the Boers. These artists were exponents of Realism, which was popular amongst their compatriots, and they became teachers of a new generation.
Van Wouw also created several excellent bronze statues and is, par excellence, the great Afrikaans sculptor of the people. Coert Steynberg will also be remembered for his many statues and monuments. Afrikaans sculptors produced a large number of national monuments and statues of Afrikaner heroes. Volschenk was the first Afrikaner to become a professional painter.
He particularly captured South African landscapes on canvas. Coetzer's interest in Afrikaner history resulted in the creation of several historical paintings. Erich Mayer loved South Africa, its landscapes and its people.
He was a pioneer in developing Afrikaans art, and his work is of great cultural historical value. Pierneef developed a style of his own which could only have originated in South Africa-a new way of portraying nature. His lino cuts and etches eternalized many historical buildings. Maggie Laubser also developed her own definitive style. In addition, Afrikaans artists made significant contributions to other fields of art such as stained glass, ceramics, mixed media and mosaics.
In , Afrikaans was recognized by the Cape Provincial Council and in was acknowledged by the legislator as an official language. Gradually scientific works began to be published in Afrikaans, facilitated by the first edition of the Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreels Afrikaans Word List and Spelling Rules in The highlight for most Afrikaners was the launch of the Afrikaans Bible in Initially, few women ventured to write, but in Elisabeth Eybers made her debut as the first female poet in Afrikaans.
Afrikaans authors and poets contributed to every genre and in the s protest literature was published, criticising the government of the day and its policies. In terms of the power vested in the Publication Board in , some lyrics, films, and publications which threatened public morals or safety, were banned.
Publications in the form of newspapers and magazines date back to the second decade of the 20th century. The first Die Huisgenoot appeared in , and Die Landbouweekblad in These prepared the way for other family publications while a number of organizations like the ATKV and the FAK began to launch their own publications.
The wealth of literature that still appears in Afrikaans proves that the language is alive and well. Sport On an international level, Afrikaners excelled in individual sports such as boxing and wrestling soon after the Anglo-Boer War, and later in athletics.
But it would be rugby that found favour at an early stage. Afrikaners contributed on all levels to South Africans becoming renowned as one of the greatest rugby nations in the world, and the world champions in and Success or failure on the rugby field has a direct impact on the morale and attitude of most Afrikaners.
On the other hand Afrikaners, unlike their fellow citizens, are still relatively uninvolved in soccer. Since the Afrikaners are an especially sporting nation, it was used as an effective weapon against the South African government in the years of conflict and international isolation. Adams - W. The Enslaved Family 2. Plantation Community 3. Religion 4. Petitions 5. Mutual Benefit 6. The Black Press 7. Fugitives 8. Slaves' religious songs documented in the southern states, early PDF. The "religion of the south" and slavery , selections from 19th-c.
What sources of strength and identity did African Americans, enslaved and free, achieve through their religious faith and practice? How did religious practice express worship of the divine? In the WPA narratives, what range of permitted and secret religious expression do you find? How did they differ? The first president was Robert P. McGregor of Ohio. He formed the local committee for the first convention.
The conference addressed issues of social change, Deaf education, Deaf Marriage, rights, privileges, legislation, support of Gallaudet College, and combined system. Gallaudet attended. James Denison was the only deaf person to attend. The conference overwhelmingly supported oralism. The American delegation and Richard Elliot were the sole opponents. She died in Gallaudet New gymnasium Ole Jim was completed. The gym was funded by Congress. Gallaudet football organized with coach John Hotchkiss.
Bell was concerned about intermarriage among deaf and stated they should not marry because this isolated the deaf from hearing society and encouraged births of deaf children. This sparked debate for prohibition of marriage among the deaf. Gallaudet Construction of Dawes House was completed. Dawes House was designed and planned by Deaf architect Olof Hanson. Gallaudet First women admitted to Gallaudet College on conditional basis.
He was widely attributed for developing the hand count and signals of safe, out, balls and strikes for umpires in baseball. He played for the Cincinnati Reds and Washington Senators. His life story is available SWM. Bell established the Volta Bureau. Albert Berg deaf accepted an offer to coach football at Purdue University. Gallaudet Statue of Thomas H. Robert P. Commanding the highest art of the sculptor, his children of silence have placed his statue here in commemoration of his grand work in their behalf.
It springs from their hearts; it is worthy of them; it is worthy of the sculptor who created it…it is sublime in the nationality, the universality of the sentiment which it symbolizes. Before then, women newly admitted to the College were only there on an experimental basis.
The men considered them of somewhat an intrusion. They could not attend Literary Society meetings without a female chaperone. She delivered the commencement speech. Note: The petition was accepted and college was renamed in The school was later moved to Great Falls. Funds were derived from the Volta Prize that Alexander G.
Bell won for inventing the telephone. Gallaudet May Martin was hired as the first female faculty at Gallaudet College. She departed the position in to marry Henry L. Stafford and died in Gallaudet Deaf women students established a basketball team. First captain was Emma Kershner, in their record was Male students did not have a basketball team until Gallaudet William Geiluss , a deaf place kicker on Gallaudet College football team, sent the ball over the bar 27 times out of 31 tries between and Gallaudet Elizabeth Peet joined female faculty as Dean of Women.
An auxiliary in for women and then admitted women as full members in Gallaudet The Kappa Gamma fraternity was established at Gallaudet, the first permanent fraternity on campus.
The first Grand Rajah was John Fisher in The first electric hearing aid radio aid was developed. F irst football game played between two deaf schools. North Carolina won Luther H.
Gallaudet February 6, Students, faculty, and fire department worked hard to put out the fire. It was bitter cold and the water turned into ice, encasing the entire building in ice. Gallaudet Percival Hall was installed as the president of Gallaudet College.
He was a Harvard graduate. In he earned a B. He first taught at New York School for the Deaf then returned to Gallaudet in as a professor of mathematics. Gallaudet Percival Hall was installed as president of Gallaudet College.
In , the Illinois School for the Deaf was the first to start a scout troop for girls. He earned the degree from the University of Pennsylvania. Deaf women began an era of female leadership of state associations. Olga Anderson presided over the North Dakota Assoc. Gallaudet died September Son of Thomas H. Earl Hanson patented the first vacuum-tube hearing aid. Rolf Harmsen became first deaf athlete to run the yard dash in 9.
Nellie Zabel Willhite deaf was licensed to fly in South Dakota. She is believed to be the first solo deaf pilot in the world. Bureau of the Census did a national census of deaf people. Office of Education. Gallaudet Gallaudet had its first Homecoming football game against Shenandoah College. Gallaudet won He created lovely portraits, and statuettes. He graduated from Berkeley School and also taught there. Gilbert L. Branagan deaf continues to lead the deaf ministry gbran57 att.
She became an orphan and was placed in Perkins Institution for the Blind because her eyes were weakened but a childhood infection. She was later chosen to teach Helen Keller. He was a fierce defender for the preservation of American Sign Language ASL and an advocate for the Deaf community to have its own culture. In he filmed American Sign Language. This film is now regarded as one of the most important documents in Deaf history.
Veditz served as the president of the National Association of the Deaf in He was the son of Thomas H. Gallaudet and later became the first president of Gallaudet University in Washington, D.
He remained president for 46 years. The Thomas H. Later, during an with Soviet Union, it was renamed the Maikop. In it was sold. Gallaudet The season of the 5 Ironmen came into the tournament with a record. The Gallaudet team played with only five men and no alternates. Rhulin Thomas of D. Elstad was named as third president of Gallaudet College. Pastor Dallas F.
Billington was touched by a local deaf couple and provided an interpreter in all church services. Carter Bearden , B. M attended Gallaudet College. He received B. He served 39 years as field consultant to deaf ministries throughout the Southern Baptist Convention. Carter Bearden is presently retired. Behind the ear transistor hearing aids became available.
Bill and Cathy Rice.
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